Social Networking and Social Media Nowadays - 2587 Words

INTRODUCTION In the current day, there is an increasing trend in the use of social networking and social media, alongside an increase in viral marketing. In 2013, in South Africa 9.3 million people were registered on the popular social network site, facebook.com (Granger, 2013). Viral marketing, also known as ‘word-of-mouth’, refers to methods for marketing that use current social network services and other technologies in an effort to achieve goals and increase brand awareness through the use of self-multiplying ‘viral’ methods. The idea of viral marketing is that it is internet advertising or marketing that spreads exponentially whenever a new user is added (Viral Marketing, 2014). Viral marketing is implicitly seen on a daily basis and the development of social media and social networks has aided its growth and increased its distribution. A social network is defined as a system of friends and personal contacts, with a website or online service that enables this communication, or as an online community of people with mutual interests who use a website or other technologies to communicate with each other and share information (Howe, 2010). Social media has provided a platform for social networking, and is defined as any tool or service that uses the internet to facilitate conversation (Lamb, 2013). Marketing is no longer focused on solely making the sale, but is also interested in building customer relationships and customer loyalty. This has created the need for marketersShow MoreRelatedImpact Of Technology In Fashion921 Words   |  4 Pagesmeans it would take extended amounts of time to spread ideas of fashion from one place to another. The influence of technology on the fashion industry cannot be overlooked. Fashion is being rapidly offered to consumers at an amazingly fast rate. Nowadays anybody can have anything they want within the reach of a button on a phone or computer screen, fashion is instantaneous. It used to be following style patterns included venturing to the far corners of the planet in a group of 10 to create a reportRead MoreSocial Media And Social Networking921 Words   |  4 PagesSocial media is the communication between individuals and groups to share and exchange their ideas through internet. The social networking is part of social media which plays t he important role in today’s life. The biggest impact of the social networking is on children, youngs, and adults. Nowaday children are growing up surrounded by technology. They like to use technology such as mobile, tablets, and computers because they can connect easily to social network. We all know how important social networkingRead MoreSocial Media Effects On Relationships1338 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Media Interaction Effects on Relationships Social media have become integrated deeply in people’s daily lifestyle. People inherently like relationships and social interactions. Social media platforms are web-mediated technology, or applications where it allows people to perform an individual account or group account, enabling them to post statuses, comments, pictures and even articles. They accomplish a long friends list and many social interactions whether real-life friends or online friendsRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Social Media1082 Words   |  5 PagesArgumentative essay on social media Nowadays, we are living in the most advanced technology era as we have a lot of gadgets to communicate with each other. Just a few decades back, people had to wait for a week or two to receive a letter but now, we able to talk, char and make friends in a mere twinkling of an eye. Social media has become part and parcel of our everyday lives. The idea behind the social media is to enable us to hold better contact with friends, family and new people. There are manyRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effect On Society1155 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Media Today, there are just over 3 billion active internet users. Today using social media is the most common activity of children. People have technology right at the tip of their fingers, which isn’t exactly a good thing. Internet use is changing the way people are living their lives, and causing unhealthy addictions. Social networking sites do have a beneficial effect. They make it easier to keep up with their distant friends and family. However, these sites are preventing real life relationshipsRead MoreSocial Media And Its Impact On Buying Habits, Schooling, And Relationships1557 Words   |  7 Pagesreally think about social media has now made a substantial impact on buying habits, schooling, and relationships. However, networking through social media plays a larger role in human lives than one may realize. When I hear the statement ‘everyone is a result of his or her surroundings’ has verified to be correct when discussing the effect of social media and web sha ring. It is truly amazing to see that scientists have proposed that most social networks mainly upkeep current social relationships. FacebookRead MoreAn Addictive Amount Of Social Media1595 Words   |  7 Pagesbreathing to teens nowadays. But for some users, these online networking services are deemed to be so addicting, that it affects their cognitive function during the day, and ability to get an acceptable amount of sleep each night. When a person doesn’t achieve a proper amount of sleep, it substantially alters their health. Lack of sleep can cause fatigue, forgetfulness, weight loss or gain, serious health problems, and cognitive function (â€Å"10 Things† 1). As a result, social media affects it’s usersRead MoreEffects Of Modern Socialization Networks On Youth1260 Words   |  6 Pagesdisorganization. Introduction Social media is known as new media with having many features.It provides many facilities like texting,images or document sharing,communicating with audio ,video sharing,linking with all over world, direct connecting. Social networking on provides great help using the internet to connect with their friends, family and colleagues. The most well-traffic having social media sites are named as LinkedIn, Instagram, Twitter and Facebook. TheseRead MoreAdvantages of Social Media for Teenagers Essay1509 Words   |  7 Pagesis very into social media. Social media has become a part and parcel of everyone’s life. Even kindergarden students have at least a little knowledge on social media. Social media is defined as a relationship that exist between network and people. A very common and widely used example of social media would be web sites for social networking and microblogging. Examples of utmost used social networking sites are â€Å" Facebook Ë ® and â€Å" Twitter Ë ®. Nowadays coming across kids on social networking sites has becomeRead MoreDetrimental Traditional Media and Social Media1460 Words   |  6 PagesI. INTRODUCTION Media plays a great role in allowing the people to be informed, to be educated or to be entertained. People, especially teenagers, are purposely or unknowingly connecting to each other by communicating and informing themselves about the latest trends, events and happenings in the community. They are fed by information regarding different issues that happen in their day-to-day activities. Also, they are pleased by the good reviews of media but along with its swift development

Nature vs. Nurture Leaning Towards the Nurture Theory...

Is nature responsible for the way children think and behave, or is it due to the way a child is nurtured? Scientists and psychologists have been debating the subject of nature versus nurture for decades. The term â€Å"nature† refers to heredity, or the genetic traits passed down from parent to child (Powell, 2010). Researchers all over the world attempt to prove that genetics is the sole explanation of a child’s intelligence and personality. Human DNA determines traits such as eye color, nose shape, and hair color. While a child’s DNA can determine his or her risk of Down Syndrome, heart disease, or cancer; there is not significant proof of DNA determining personality traits (Heredity, 2011). The nurture side of the argument refers to a†¦show more content†¦As a child grows from birth to adulthood, certain traits appear (Heredity, 2011). Geneticists argue that personality traits and intelligence are a part of these sets of chromosomes. In fact, at the University of Texas, scientists found 20 gene candidates that could have an impact on alcoholism (Bryner, 2006). Research has also been conducted with sets of identical twins in order to better understand the role that genetics play in human characteristics (Onkal, 2005). Twin studies were pioneered by English scientist, Francis Galton, over a century ago (Powell, 2010). These studies were carried out by separating sets of identical twins at birth and raising them in contrasting environments. These twins were scrutinized using IQ tests and other examinations. In most cases, IQ scores showed that a child brought up in a wealthier area with better schooling and more involved parents would be more intelligent than a child raised with a family with a low income, low education background (Onkal, 2005). The opposing end of the debate is the nurture theory. The nurture theory states that personality traits and intelligence are solely based on one’s upbringing and surrounding environment (Powell, 2010). Scientists that favor the nurture theory argue that certain environmental factors can determine a child’s personality (Powell, 2010). For example, American psychologist, John Watson, studied the effects of theShow MoreRelatedLanguage and Social Learning Theory1259 Words   |  5 Pages The first thing I would want to discuss is the huge debate among nature vs nature. There have been many debates over this topic and still to this day people have not come together with a conclusion. I personally was leaning toward there was no difference because of the finding I have read about over the last few years. I thought there was no difference because it was based upon the area you wereRead MoreInfrastructure for Knowledge Management42738 Words   |  171 PagesKnowledge Worker ...................................................................................................13 How can we manage to â€Å"Not Manage†? ...............................................................................13 Knowledge Worker vs. Unskilled Labor...............................................................................14 Organizational Structure........................................................................................................15 Individual CharacteristicsRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesThe Enigma of Self-Awareness 58 The Sensitive Line 58 Understanding and Appreciating Individual Differences Important Areas of Self-Awareness 61 Emotional Intelligence 62 Values 65 Ethical Decision Making and Values 72 Cognitive Style 74 Attitudes Toward Change 76 Core Self-Evaluation 79 SKILL ANALYSIS 84 Cases Involv ing Self-Awareness 84 Communist Prison Camp 84 Computerized Exam 85 Decision Dilemmas 86 SKILL PRACTICE 89 Exercises for Improving Self-Awareness Through Self-Disclosure 89 Through theRead MoreMonsanto: Better Living Through Genetic Engineering96204 Words   |  385 PagesYou now have all the material for an excellent SWOT (strengths/weaknesses, opportunities/threats) analysis. Pull together the earlier identiï ¬ cation of opportunities and threats (step 5) with the internal analysis you have done. This resources-based, theory-oriented system gives you a powerful vocabulary to describe what simpler systems call ‘strengths’, and the other elements of the system allow you to systematically identify other signiï ¬ cant factors in the mix. STEP 11 CURRENT S T R AT E G IRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pageswhich have been chosen to enlarge speciï ¬ c issues in the text and/or provide practical examples of how business and public sector organisations are managing strategic issues. The case studies which follow allow the reader to extend this linking of theory and practice further by analysing the strategic issues of speciï ¬ c organisations in much greater depth – and often providing ‘solutions’ to some of the problems or difï ¬ culties identiï ¬ ed in the case. There are also over 33 classic cases on the Companion

Mrt Jakarta Free Essays

The Jakarta Mass Rapid Transit System is an ongoing transportation infrastructure project in Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia. It consists of a partially elevated and partially underground railway system. Construction of the first phase of the project is expected to start in 2013 and is planned to be operational in 2016. We will write a custom essay sample on Mrt Jakarta or any similar topic only for you Order Now [1] Contents [hide] 1 Background of the project 2 Lines 2. 1 North-South corridor 2. 1. 1 Phase I 2. 2 East-West corridor 3 Project Progress 4 PT Mass Rapid Transit Jakarta 5 References 6 External links [edit]Background of the project Jakarta is the capital city of Indonesia. It is an urban metropolis with over 8 million inhabitants. It is predicted that over four million residents of the surrounding Jabodetabek area commute in and out of the city each working day. Transport issues have increasingly begun to attract political attention and it has been estimated that in 2020 without a major transportation breakthrough traffic jams will overwhelm the city. Since 1980 more than twenty-five general and special subject studies have been conducted related to possible Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) systems in Jakarta. One of the major reasons for the delays in tackling the problem was the economic crisis of 1997-98. Before the crisis a Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) scheme was considered as part of a new MRT calling for private sector involvement. After the crisis, the plan to rely on a BOT to provide financing proved infeasible and the MRT project was again proposed as a government-funded scheme. Current public transportation in Jakarta mainly consists of various types of buses, starting from the very small bemo and pickup sized mikrolet, to slightly larger minbuses and full sized city buses. There are also both two and four wheeled taxis. Current transport systems include widely used MetroMini and Kopaja cheap minibuses, and the TransJakarta bus rapid transit system, and the Jabodetabek Commuter Railway. [edit]Lines The rail-based Jakarta MRT is expected to stretch across over 108 kilometres, including 21. 7 km for the North-South Corridor (From Lebak Bulus to Kampung Bandan) and 87 km for East-West Corridor(From Balaraja to Cikarang). [2] [edit]North-South corridor The North-South corridor will be built in two phases. Phase I, will be constructed in advance connects Lebak Bulus to Bundaran HI along 15. km including 13 stations (7 elevated stations and 6 underground stations). The Indonesian ministry of Transport approved this plan in September 2010 and invited tenders and will be built at April 2012. [3] Phase II, will extend the North-South line from Bundaran HI to Kampung Bandan (7 underground stations and 1 ground-level station), targeted to operate in 2018 (accelera ted from 2020 as the original plan[4]). [5] After completion of MRT Phase I and II, together with TransJakarta will serve 60 percent total trips made by Jakartans. edit]Phase I The first phase is 15. 7 kilometres (9. 8 mi) long from Lebak Bulus to Bundaran HI. The construction project will begin in June 2011 and is expected to be completed in 2016 to serve 212,000 passengers per day. This expected capacity may be maxed out to 960,000 per day. The 15. 7 kilometers span expected to be covered in under 30 minutes. [6] Elevated stations Lebak Bulus Fatmawati Cipete Haji Nawi Blok A Blok M Sisingamangaraja Underground stations Al-Azhar mosque Senayan Bendungan Hilir Setiabudi Dukuh Atas (Interchange Station with Jakarta Commuter Line) Bundaran H. I [edit]East-West corridor This corridor is currently in pre-feasibility study phase. The line is targeted to operate in 2027. [edit]Project Progress Progress of the first phase was funded through a loan by the Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC), now merged into the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). The loan number IP is 536 (signed November 2006) for engineering services. The engineering services loan is a pre-construction loan to prepare the construction phase. It consists of: Basic Design package, managed by the DGR (Directorate General of Railways, Ministry of Transport) Management and Operation package, managed by the Bappeda (Jakarta Regional Planning Board) Construction assistance in tender, managed by the PT MRT Jakarta On March 31, 2009, Loan Agreement 2 (LA2) for the amount of 48,150 billion Yen to build the Jakarta MRT System was signed by the Indonesian Government (represented by the Indonesian Ambassador for Japan) and JICA in Tokyo, Japan. [7] This loan is to be forwarded from the National Government to the Jakarta City Administration as a grant (on-granting agreement). 8] After the signing of the granting agreement for LA2, city administration will propose another two loan agreements for LA3 and LA4 to the central government. These proposals will become a lending agreement for the local government. The total amount of LA3 and LA4 addressed as a loan by the local government is about 71867 billion yen. This amount is based on the progress, outcome and absorbance of LA2. The total loan package from JICA for the development of the Jakarta MRT system is worth a total of 120 billion yen. Work on the basic design for the first phase of the current version of the project began in late 2010. The tender process was underway in late 2012 when the new governor of Jakarta, Joko Widodo, unexpectedly said that he wanted a review of the project. After several months of uncertainty governor Joko Widodo announced that the project would go ahead. He listed it as one of the priority projects in the Jakarta city budget for 2013. [9] Physical construction is expected to begin in 2013[10] and the line is expected to be operational by 2017. [edit]PT Mass Rapid Transit Jakarta PT Mass Rapid Transit Jakarta (PT MRTJ) is a limited liability (Perseroan Terbatas) company founded by the Jakarta Provincial Government. Its establishment was approved by the provincial parliament (DPRD) on 10 June 2008 and final establishment was by notary act on 17 June 2008. Its purpose is to operate the Jakarta MRT System. The shares are made up from 99% Jakarta Provincial Government and 1% PT Pasar Jaya (another Jakarta Reginal-Government-Owned-Company). PT MRTJ is classed as a Regional-Government-Owned-Company (Badan Usaha Milik Daerah-BUMD). The BUMD form for PT MRTJ is designed not to create profits for the shareholders, but instead to create flexibility in accessing alternative financing, which would otherwise be impossible if the company was directly part of the government. With this, the cost of tickets sold to clients will be reduced with some of the operational cost being subsidised by other sources. The BUMD form also ensures transparency and accountability through the shareholders’ General Meeting, Decision Making and Reporting System which will be publicly available. How to cite Mrt Jakarta, Essay examples

Uncertainty and Evaluation of Public Investment †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Uncertainty and Evaluation of Public Investment. Answer: Introduction: Superannuation fund in the service sector is provided to enable individuals to have safe and secure retirement. This investment approach has been promoted from past twenty years to ensure secure future for employees. Strategies investment is essential for tertiary sector employees because they have shorter employment period as technology is continuously changing, and they get early retirement in comparison to other business sectors. The government also encourages it and supports it through tax benefits. Minimum standards are set by the government for the contribution for employees as same time for the management of superannuation funds (Cummings, 2016). It is compulsory for the employees of the service sector to make superannuation from their wages and salaries. They are encouraged to add on superannuation contribution with an outstanding contribution, containing changing their wages or salaries into superannuation contributions. However, they are not mandatory to invest in the speci fic fund as for this purpose; they have two primary options description of which are enumerated as below: It is retirement plan that employer sponsors, where employees profits are calculated using a formula that relates to factors like history of salary and length of employment. Some rules and regulations show by when and what method an employee can withdraw his funds by avoiding penalties (Basu and Andrews, 2014). This option provides a guarantee of benefit and payment on retirement. Benefits can be given as withdrawn as monthly payment all through employees lifetime or a sum total of the amount on retirement. This plan delivers retirement income, and this amount lasts all through retirement age which also makes budgeting easier. It is an almost risk-free investment as returns or maturity benefits are pre-defined through which investor is not required to borne any kind of risk during the tenure of investment. Payment options under this plan are as follows: Single life annuity Survivor annuity Lump sum payment In this option, the investor gets fixed amount on a monthly basis after their retirement and till their death. However, it cannot be transferred to the beneficiary of the diseased party. In this option also investor get fixed amount on a monthly basis after their retirement and till their death but after death, this amount will be provided to the beneficiary or surviving partner of the diseased party. In this option, fixed amount is received at the time of retirement inclusive of interest and principal amount. On the basis of benefits, there is fluctuation in the monthly instalment to be paid by tertiary sector employee. In this option, the return of investment increases with the increase in tenure and amount of monthly instalment. Investment choice plan In this type of plan, an individual can choose to invest as per their customised needs. Nearly all superannuation funds will offer a variety of investment options to choose from. These options vary at their level of risk. In this option, it is necessary for an investor to understand that how and where the superannuation money is invested. Multiple investment portfolios are also the opportunity to spread super money (Chant, Mohankumar and Warren, 2014). One benefit of investment earning is that they are taxed in a different way to other income. Selection of option helps in investing super that offers a diversified mixture of investments. This option makes them enable to invest in a blend of the single asset class in which each option includes different risk and returns policy and suggest different investment time frames. Four investment strategies covered in this option is as follows: Secure fund Share fund Trustee fund This is the least risk and return containing option. This is similar to defined benefit plan but with higher returns. This is the most risk and return containing option. In this value of investment fluctuates as per market condition without any guaranteed covers. In this option, the amount is invested by a broker who is considered as trustee of investment till the retirement of the employee. The trustee in this option is investment expert to attain optimise return. Factors affecting selection of investment plan Following factors are required to be considered by employees for the tertiary sector for selection of investment plan: Risk appetite: The capability of bearing risk differs from person to person, depending on factors such as financial duties, responsibilities, Further considering ability to take risk becomes an essential factor in investment decision making (Barton and Wiseman, 2014). However, if the individual does not want to bear higher risks, then they can choose defined benefit plan because it contains predetermined benefits without any fluctuation. Further, if the person intends to invest the super and has the capacity of bearing risk, then they can choose investment choice plan. Investment Horizon: In defined benefit plan employee cannot invest his pension until retirement. The super is secured for the future. However, in the case of investment choice plan, they can invest the amount by choosing the better alternative as per their requirements. Still, risk element is comparatively high in investment choice plan. Investible surplus: In Investible surplus employee has to determine that how much money can be kept aside for investments. It is imperative in selecting from a variety of asset classes because the minimum investment amounts vary, and so do the risks and returns (Gallery, Newton and Palm, 2011). In defined benefit option there is a requirement for the minimum, and fixed amount of investment on a continuous basis, however, same is not required in investment choice plan. Investment need: Investment needs has to be determined earlier to investment. In this, the individual has to identify that how soon they need their money or are they in a position to invest for a long term period (Halim, Miller and Dupont, 2010). Further, they are required to determine that how much money to invest in a month or year to reach the goal. Expected returns: In defined benefit plan returns are fixed, but in investment, choice plan returns depend on how the money is invested, risk level, for a short or extended period of time of time. The longer the time horizon will be greater the returns can be expected. Issues related to time value of money significant to making investment decisions In the present era, time value of money is necessary to be considered by investors because it has a substantial impact on the yield of an investment. As per this concept, worth of currency today in hand is worth more than the currency in the forthcoming year because of inflation and other economic factors (Butt and et.al. 2014). The employees in the tertiary sector will be required to make regular contributions to the selected retirement plan for investment in a superannuation fund. For this decision, they have an obligation to provide significantly to the time value of money by considering the fact of the increase in invested amount with interest earned. The major issue in this aspect is related to opportunity cost in which investor must be assured that selected option is better than rejected choices by obtaining a higher yield. In addition to this, they are required to consider after how much time they will be getting gain from invested amount as the time value of money indicates s ooner is better (Arrow and Lind, 2014). Thus, if they are getting delayed return, then they must ensure that return is comparatively higher. With this approach, they are required to discount the future return to determine its present value in order to select option with maximum benefits. This will show employee, worth of investment in present through which computation can be made for total value of investment. For example if investment plan provides following two options to receive their retirement income Option 1: Take $5,000,000 immediately at the time of retirement. Option 2: Get paid $600,000 every year after retirement for the next 10 years. In option 1, employee will get $5,000,000 and in option 2 $6,000,000 after their retirement. Without considering time value of money, Option 2 seem better because employee gets extra $1,000,000. However, the theory time value of money says that amount paid in future has less worth in present. Thus decision has to be made by figuring out how much option 2 is worth today by investor on the basis of discounting factor. In accordance with the above description, it can be concluded that there is no perfect option for investment in general as it will vary as per risk bearing capacity and return desired by tertiary sector employees. Further, each investment option for tertiary sector employee has its own pros and cons due to its nature. In making such investment decisions, they are required to consider their current financial condition and future goals to justify their investment objectives. By this study, the conclusion can be drawn that if employees have less tendency to bear risk then they should consider defined benefit plan and but if they desire higher and customised returns then they should go for investment choice plan. In accordance with the theory of efficient market hypothesis (EMH), it is not possible to beat the market regarding return on investment. It is because; EMH states that price of a share is affected by all the available information in the market. Due to this factor, stock market efficiency leads to existing share prices that always contain and represent relevant information. As stated by EMH, stocks are always traded at their fair values on the stock exchange (Brealey and et.al. 2012). Thus it is not possible for the investor to buy shares at a low value and sell stock at inflated prices. Consequently, it is not feasible to beat the whole market through expert stock selection or market timing. An investor can acquire significant returns only by purchasing risky investments. The pension fund is a fund which provides retirement income. A pension fund manager responsibility is to implement a funds spending strategy and to conduct its portfolios trading schemes. The pension fund manager has to make sure that pension schemes are running efficiently or not (Keynes, 2016). The fund manager makes sure that the deposits of the maturity schedules occur at the same time with the demand for loans. More attention has to be paid by the fund manager on the main elements of Cost and risk to capitalise on the cash flow opportunities. By considering the above-described aspects, it can be concluded that cited statement is wrong because the theory of EMH does not stipulate that the portfolio selection has to be done with a pin due to the following reasons- The manager has to do some paramount jobs like ensuring appropriate diversification in the portfolio. Well-diversification is essential for the portfolio to optimise the risk and maximise Investment in a significant number of stock is necessary, as one type of stock is not sufficient to ensure diversification (Lee, Lee and Lee, 2010). The requirement of a vast number of investment is needed to get higher returns with minimum risks. Its not worthy to invest all the money in one investment. A well-diversified portfolio is imperative to achieve high yields (in any market condition). For this aspect, it is significant to ensure that the risks of the diversified portfolio are appropriate for the company as well as clients. In the case of the pension fund, the manager has to choose a risk-free investment (Yal?n, 2010). The management must assure that the risk must be according to the bearing capacity of the client and it is not higher than it. The company must choose safe investments in this case. The manager must pick those stocks which are safe and riskless or merge portfolios with lower beta. In such cases, the manager can change the portfolio to take advantage of special tax laws for pension funds. The government gives privately retired plans for encouraging people, and these rules could raise the assumed return of the portfolio without expanding the risk. References Arrow, K.J. and Lind, R.C., 2014. Uncertainty and the evaluation of public investment decisions. Journal of Natural Resources Policy Research, 6(1), pp.29-44. Barton, D. and Wiseman, M., 2014. Focusing capital on the long term. Harvard Business Review, 92(1/2), pp.44-51. Basu, A. and Andrews, S., 2014. Asset allocation policy, returns and expenses of superannuation funds: recent evidence based on default options. Australian Economic Review, 47(1), pp.63-77. Brealey, R.A., and et.al. 2012. Principles of corporate finance. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Butt, A., Donald, M.S., Foster, F.D., Thorp, S. and Warren, G., 2014. The Superannuation System and its Regulation: Views from Fund Executives. Chant, W., Mohankumar, M. and Warren, G., 2014. MySuper: a new landscape for default superannuation funds. Cummings, J.R., 2016. Effect of fund size on the performance of Australian superannuation funds. Browser Download This Paper. Gallery, N., Newton, C. and Palm, C., 2011. Framework for assessing financial literacy and superannuation investment choice decisions. Australasian Accounting Business Finance Journal, 5(2), p.3. Halim, S., Miller, T. and Dupont, D.C., 2010. How pension funds manage investment risks: A global survey. Keynes, J.M., 2016. General theory of employment, interest and money. Atlantic Publishers Dist. Lee, C.C., Lee, J.D. and Lee, C.C., 2010. Stock prices and the efficient market hypothesis: Evidence from a panel stationary test with structural breaks. Japan and the world economy, 22(1), pp.49-58. Yal?n, K.C., 2010. Market rationality: Efficient market hypothesis versus market anomalies. European Journal of Economic and Political Studies, 3(2), pp.23-28.