Why Absolutely Everybody Is Talking About Essay Topics for Junior High School

Why Absolutely Everybody Is Talking About Essay Topics for Junior High School Want to Know More About Essay Topics for Junior High School? Every family needs to have a all-natural disaster survival program. Most people obtain their very first love in high school. For instance, students might write about the advantages of a vegan diet. All parents ought to be asked to attend parenting classes before having a kid. Mixed martial arts ought to be banned. Writing about the reason and effect essay topics connected to the school's popularity or surviving the initial year in college could be fine to grab the interest of your peers. The perfect way to improve writing skills is via regular practice. As a students, there are many theoretical majors like math, physics and chemistry that they need to take their most time and create every their effort to learn. Essay Topics for Junior High School - Overview Tell the advantages of having a collection, and explain how someone can start to grow a group of her or his own. Men and women like to collect and display items which have sentimental value or distinctive appeal. In high school, you're supposed to decide on the sort of topic you're going to be in a position to dig into that is, you've got to be sure you can discover enough info on the topic. Deciding on a topic is a critical issue that partly estimates final success of the job. Essay Topics for Junior High School Fundamentals Explained MLA would be the simplest style to begin with, and it's ideal for each of the ideas listed above. Parents need to remain alert to which subjects are somewhat more difficult. They need to clarify and make their child understand that they will always love the child, but not love what they do sometimes. Parents of bullies should need to pay a fine. 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Choosing Essay Topics for Junior High School Is Simple Think about the local evening news program and why you ought to be chosen as the student reporter. Entering the college years is something whi ch's really tough for children. Directions for Writing Think about the significance of experiencing a mobile phone. The style, topic and voice of your private essay needs to have the punch to earn the audience think. The Basics of Essay Topics for Junior High School Think about a few teens you know. American teenagers have argued they drink anyway even though it's illegal for them to achieve that. There are several bright students out there who don't get accepted to a lot of colleges because the student near them out-lied or exaggerated more than they did. Imagine your school does not own a school newspaper. You've invited your two best friends to devote the afternoon at your house. Consider what you could do in order to make your school more beautiful. Think of one thing you're expected to learn in school that you don't think ought to be included in the curriculum. Choosing Essay Topics for Junior High School Normally, a structure of essay contains three key sections, in other words, introduction, body, and conclusion. Once you comprehend the kind of essay, it's time to choose a topic. Thanks to the correct option of presentation style and a thorough understanding of the goals you wish to attain in your essay, there are plenty of categories essay themes may be broken into. An essay has to be broken into paragraphs to ensure it is readable. The introduction could begin with a quote or might be a joke, if it suits the subject of the essay. After you have the topic, answer the question and after that support your answer with three or more explanations for why you believe it. It's needless to say that you should go for a subject that you regard as interesting. The Principles of Essay Topics for Junior High School That You Can Benefit From Beginning Immediately Directions for Writing Before you start writing, think of why it is your preferred shop. Everything on the planet is interrelated. Categories, essay topics might be divided into. Directions for Writing Before you start writing, consider which is your favourite holiday and why.

Jetblue - 596 Words

JetBlue Airways Corporation (NASDAQ: JBLU) is an American low-cost airline with its main base John F. Kennedy International Airport, also in Queens. In 2001, JetBlue began a focus city operation at Long Beach Airport in Long Beach, California, and another at Bostons Logan International Airport, in 2004. It also has focus city operations at Fort Lauderdale – Hollywood International Airport and Orlando International Airport. The airline mainly serves destinations in the United States, along with flights to the Caribbean, The Bahamas, Bermuda, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Jamaica, and Mexico. As of November 8, 2010 JetBlue serves 62 destinations in 21 states (including Puerto Rico), and eleven countries in the Caribbean and†¦show more content†¦On April 19, 2010, JetBlue announced new service from Bradley International Airport in Hartford, Connecticut starting on November 17, 2010. They will offer twice daily non-stops (four daily departures) to Fort Lauderdale and Orlando. C. OBJECTIVES AND DEFINITION OF THE PROBLEM STATEMENT The case evaluation aims to achieve the following: 1. To determine the best stock valuation model applicable to JetBlue’s IPO shares 2. To distinguish the difference of using different stock valuation models 3. To calculate the offering price of the new IPO shares 4. To confirm if the share price suggested by management is reasonable or not 5. To identify the risks involved in oversubscribed shares Based from the stated objectives above, the following were defined for the case: MAIN PROBLEM TO BE RESOLVED: What would be the appropriate offering price for the new IPO shares of JetBlue Airways Corporation listed in NASDAQ which would not only help the firm raise short-term capital requirements but would also provide positive returns to its shareholders in the future? UNDERLYING PROBLEM(S)/ISSUE(S) TO BE RESOLVED: 1. What should be the best stock valuation model applicable to JetBlue’s IPO shares? 2. What would be the impact of these valuation models on the calculated offering price for its IPO shares? 3. Is theShow MoreRelatedJetblue3939 Words   |  16 PagesJetBlue Questions for Discussion 1. Give examples of needs, wants, and demands that JetBlue customers demonstrate, differentiating these three concepts. What are the implications of each for JetBlue’s practices? * First of all people who go to an airline are because they have the need to travel, which the main feature is. Inducing the consumer or person, as their main need. * JetBlue customers to contract your travel company this time JetBlue, wanted a good service duringRead MoreJetblue Airways Corporation ( Jetblue ) Essay789 Words   |  4 PagesJetBlue Airways Corporation (JetBlue), often called â€Å"New York’s Hometown Airline,† operates in the airline industry. It was incorporated in August 1998, began service in February 2000 and by the end of 2013 had grown to become the fifth largest passenger carrier in the United States based on revenue passenger miles. According to the JetBlue website (2014) in 1999, David Neeleman announced his plans to launch a new airline, â€Å"New Air.† By the end of 2000 JetBlue had reported $100 million in revenueRead MoreJetblue Airways1854 Words   |  8 PagesSTRATEGIC MANAGEMENT amp; POLICY COMM 4005 / SP1 MODULE 3 JETBLUE AIRWAYS: A CADRE OF NEW MANAGERS TAKES CONTROL JETBLUE AIRWAYS Question 1 David Neelman’s original strategic vision was to ‘bring humanity back to air travel’ through combing low fares of a discount airline carrier with the comforts of a small cozy den in people’s homes. David’s strategic vision is a good one, but the strategic objectives, strategy development, and implementation and execution should be modified toRead MoreJetblue Organizational Plan761 Words   |  4 PagesOrganizational Plan Introduction JetBlue is known as the airline that promises, and also delivers. JetBlue delivers Air flight of the future, with new jets and the lowest fares available. JetBlue has proved to the world that one can have it all. JetBlue’s Airways started in 2000 with the mission as stated by the founder Neeleman: â€Å"to bring humanity back to air travel by offering passengers low fares, friendly service, and high-quality product† (Ford, 2004, p.139). JetBlue has five core values that theyRead MoreJetblue Case Analysis1111 Words   |  5 PagesJetBlue Airways airline was established by David Neeleman as a low-fare airline with high-quality customer service. His goal was to create an airline that was innovative for the current market. Their main focus was to provide service to areas that were underserved as well as to large cities with overpriced fares. He aimed to establish a strong brand that differentiated itself from its competitors by being a safe, reliable and low cost-airline . Neeleman managed to achieve this partially by hiringRead MoreJetblue-Case Study3327 Words   |  14 Pages2001, p.5).   Overall, Jet Blue Airways has lived up to its mission of caring for its people. JetBlue Airway is an airline industry. Founder is David Neeleman, a Salt Lake City entrepreneur. The eighth largest passenger carrier in United State. Have won many awards including â€Å"Best Domestic Airline†, â€Å"Best Domestic Airline Value† and â€Å" Best Overall Airline†. The case study discuss on the JetBlue Corporation emphasize on its founder, on its financial performance, human resource management practicesRead MoreJetblue Case Study2073 Words   |  9 PagesJetBlue and Song: Competitive Rivalry between Low-Cost Carriers Case Analysis 2 Kathleen Quicho Prof. Rosalinda B. Lacerona Faculty, MGE 11A Time Context 2013 (Present) JetBlue is a United States domestic airline company who operates on a  low-cost principle which translates into cheaper airfares to its customers. In February 2007 JetBlue underwent a  particular event that could have been its last. Since its beginning in 1998 JetBlue became the 11th  largest company in the industryRead MoreJetblue Bmgt 364 Essay1465 Words   |  6 PagesBrockunier Abstract This paper outlines the formation of a vision statement, the mission and the values that JetBlue and Southwest airlines embrace. A firm can initiate strategic management once it forms a mission statement. That statement allows forms to aspire to its potential while bearing in mind what it wants to avoid as it successfully grows. JetBlue and Southwest airlines mission has been primarily to govern the way they conduct business and the desire to serve customersRead MoreJetblue Swot Analysis2110 Words   |  9 PagesSWOT Analysis: JetBlue Airways DeVry University Online by Keith Escher Organizational History Known as one of the very few airlines which has actually managed to make a profit since the downturn in the travel business, which was a result of the September 11th attacks, JetBlue Airways continues to pride itself by living up to its dedication of â€Å"bringing humanity back to air travel†(JetBlue Bill of Rights). JetBlue was incorporated in Delaware in August 1998 and was foundedRead MoreJetBlue case analysis3419 Words   |  14 PagesEnvironment To evaluate the external environment of JetBlue airways we will use the PESTEL analysis. PESTEL analysis stands for â€Å"Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environment and Legal analysis†. Political Factors How and to what extent the government does intervenes in the economy. Political factors can be tax policy, labor law, environmental law, trade restrictions, tariffs, and political stability. Political factors that are found in the JetBlue case are: Government monitors the airline industry

Empirical Investigation of Consumer Perceptions †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Empirical Investigation of Consumer Perceptions. Answer: Introduction: The complexities of business have been improvising over the years with profound references to the increasing prominence of globalization and international business. The measures adopted by large scale organizations to address alternative target markets in the existing business jurisdiction of the enterprise as well as entering new markets which are novel for the organization (Ahmed d'Astous, 2008). It is imperative for organizations to understand the feasible outcomes that can be derived from expanding into new markets especially in terms of increased brand reputation, improvement in market share and sustainability for the business. As per Ahmed d'Astous, the impact of globalization and international business can be observed explicitly in different industries with substantial disparities in terms of outcomes (Ahmed d'Astous, 2001). However, the fast food industry has been able to gain a strong foothold in majority of international markets with the flexible and strategic approaches for market entry and cultural diversification followed by organizations. The major market players in the food and beverage industry such as McDonalds, KFC and Starbucks have acquired drastic global exposure with their product changes and effective pricing mechanisms as well as marketing alignment with individual local cultures in international markets (Ahmed d Astous, 1995). The following report reflects on the case of Dunkin Donuts and its preferred entry into the international market of China. The capabilities of Dunkin Donuts for launching its iconic product brands in the worlds most populated country could be assumed as the expl icit motivation for the following report. The product and service description for Dunkin Donuts could be assumed as a credible requirement for justifying the selection of China as the international market to venture into. The competitive advantage of the organization is vested in the benefits provided to customers in the form of effective services and products which ensure customer loyalty (Al-Sulaiti Baker, 1998). The services of Dunkin Donuts employees are based on the treatment of the customer as the boss which leads employees to deliver services in the most appealing form. As per Baines Harris, the primary products of the organization are baked goods and coffee with the finest ingredients that provide the advantage of novelty and uniqueness to the products of Dunkin Donuts (Baines Harris, 2000). The doughnuts products offered by the company could be observed in an assortment of powered, frosted and glazed variants of 31 different types of doughnuts. The organization also serves other products for customers such as Eclair, Coffee Rolls and Munchkins which add to the improvement in the experience for customers. The entry of Dunkin Donuts into China is however characterized with the provision of Chili oil-glazed flavours, pork floss and seaweed topped rounds as its products is evident owing to the previous failed attempts of the organization to enter the Chinese market (Balabanis, Mueller M elewar, 2002). The nature of the product facilitated by Dunkin Donuts is tangible and is largely reflective of the requirements of consumer service industry dynamics. Furthermore, the case of Dunkin Donuts has to review the justification for selecting China as a viable marketplace for the intended international market entry of the organization on the basis of a clear analysis of the external environment factors (Balestrini Gamble, 2006). The analysis of the external market environment could be accomplished through the use of models such as PESTEL analysis for China which could facilitate comprehensive insights into the political, economic, cultural, geographic and technological aspects of the market environment. The external environment analysis is mandatory to weigh the competences and available resources of the organization with respect to the analysis outcomes in order to observe the feasibility of the decision of Dunkin Donuts to expand in China (Becker, Benner Glitsch, 2000). The following section would illustrate the major dimensions associated with the international market condition in China on the basis of which the country can be validated as a recommendation for international market expansion of Dunkin Donuts (Bloemer, Brijs Kasper, 2009). Political factors are primarily tied to the aspects of regulations, government policy and law which could render formidable impact on government decision and economic factors. The implications of changes in labour laws introduced by the government could lead to formidable changes in the structures of job and leniency for employment. This factor leads to the rise in unemployment owing to the provision of basic employment to people without any prospects for training in new skills (Bruning, 1997). However, the government has implemented necessary measures such as financing the labour intensive sectors in order to improve job availability. Initiation of drives to encourage foreign trade could be observed as prominent highlights of contemporary foreign trade policies adopted by the government which is responsible for increasing prospects for foreign direct investments (Chao Rajendran, 1993). The favourable political ties between the US and China could also be accounted as factors which address the concerns pertaining to insecurities of Dunkin Donuts observed in context of daily life, jobs and the government. Economic factors are capable of inducing major changes in a business which could be influential on the major aspects of capital availability, supply, demand and cost. The limitations on capital cost could be complemented with high demand in order to acquire higher investment from the organization as well as improving the production volumes. Furthermore, the impact of the economic recession has enabled the prospects for smaller companies to acquire a stand in the business market alongside competing with others (Chattalas, Kramer Takada, 2008). The recent economic development observed in the case of China could be apprehended as a major influence on the prospects for organizations. The implications of the Bank of China could be observed in terms of reviewing monetary policies which can facilitate improvement and decrease in the interest rates. The specialized initiatives for ensuring transparency of financial transactions which international organizations have in the economic framework (Chen Pereira, 1999). Environmental factors involve refer to the preferences of the Chinese society for businesses to adopt eco friendly practices and resources. The prominence of green economy in China could account as flexible opportunities for an organization to realize prominent advantages to accomplish strategic flexibility (Chryssochoidis, Krystallis Perreas, 2007). The implications of using low carbon technology, emissions reductions and relevant green economy characteristics could be beneficial for organizations to realize a formal depiction of their corporate social responsibilities. Social aspects that could be observed in China for validating its choice as an international market for Dunkin Donuts could be observed in the importance of education, changing lifestyles of the Chinese population, shifting of rural individuals to urban locations and the preferences of the local population for leisure and work (Chu, et al., 2010). The family structures observed in China also favour the decision of Dunkin Donuts that can be leveraged for alternative approaches to product design. Technological improvements are accessible in China with the prominent implications for investments in research pertaining to innovation for improving technology transfer and address the emerging concerns of energy requirements (Clarke, Owens Ford, 2000). The increasing adoption of internet and related communication technologies is responsible for inducing new channels for marketing for organizations in the customer service sector such as Dunkin Donuts. The observation of the above factors in the external environment for Dunkin Donuts in the new international market i.e. China provides a feasible validation for selection of the market (d'Astous Ahmed, 1995). Competitor identification: The prominent highlights that could be observed in this section refer to an illustration of the competitors of Dunkin Donuts, recent growth trends in the fast food industry and competitive factors. The competitors of Dunkin Donuts in the Chinese market could be identified in McDonalds and KFC which have established formidable presence in the international market (d'Astous, et al., 2008). The western fast food culture was introduced by KFC in 1987 with its first restaurant in Beijing which has progressed to the extent at which the organization is serving more than 10 million consumers every day in the Chinese market. The capabilities of KFC as a pioneer in the industry are also reflected in the association of the supply chain of the organization with local standards thereby ensuring formidable integration. The organization maintains its quality standards alongside maintaining a local supply chain which account for its competitive advantage in the market (Demirbag, Sahadev Mellahi, 2010). The advent of McDonalds was not observed until late 1990 when the organization found its first restaurant in the Guangdong Province. The major source of competitive advantage for the organization in the international market of China could be observed on the grounds of competences such as globally standardized service, operating policies and products (Drozdenko Jensen, 2009). The marketing alignment of the organization to specific target customer groups could be assumed as an explicit source of competitive advantage for the organization in Chinese market. As per Ettenson Gaeth, the market share of the organizations depicts the prominent challenges that can be imposed by them for Dunkin Donuts which are estimated to be 0.5% for McDonalds and 1.3% for KFC (Ettenson Gaeth, 1991). The competitive environment in the fast food industry is also likely to be affected by the future trend of increasing emphasis on legal obligations for health and safety of food products. The fast food industry is highly criticized on the grounds of provision of unhealthy food which has to be addressed by organizations as a competitive factor (Ferguson, Dadzie Johnston, 2008). Therefore organizations which could be able to address the requirements of health and safety in context of fast food products can obtain competitive advantage over others in the market. Cultural Profile: The cultural profile of China can be established through references to the references to Geert Hofstedes dimensions of national culture which comprise of power distance, individualism, masculinity, long term orientation and uncertainty avoidance (Glitsch, 2000). China could be assumed as a highly collectivist society wherein people are identified to be associated with each other and individuals prioritize the interest of others in the family over their personal interests. The implications of a highly collectivist culture could be observed in the in-group considerations for family members during promotion and selection initiatives (Hamin Elliott, 2006). The aspect of masculinity is higher in the national culture of China that defines the progress of society on the basis of achievement, success and competition. The prominent example of the higher masculinity aspect can be observed in the Chinese culture where work is prioritized over leisure and family time and the emphasis of students on ranking and exam scores as prime criteria for accomplishing success (Hamzaoui Essoussi Merunka, 2007). Uncertainty avoidance depicts the capability of a society to address the concerns that could emerge in the future (Hamzaoui Merunka, 2006). China does not depict substantial uncertainty avoidance as the culture is dependent on pragmatism and reforming laws according to the present situation. The national culture of China is also characterized by ambiguities with the references to different ambiguous meanings observed in the Chinese language. Power distance is highly observed in the Chinese national culture and accepts the inequalities among people flexibly that is characterized by the example of polarized relationship of superior and subordinate (Harcar Kaynak, 2008). Long term orientation aspect indicates the association of national cultures with the past in order to address the challenges observed in the present and future. The Chinese national culture emphasizes on a high score of long term orientation since it is directed along the lines of pragmatism that can be observed in the encouragement of international education among students in order to address the concerns of future (Heslop, Lu Cray, 2008). The culture depicts formidable abilities to adapt to different conditions while the people have the notable characteristic of perseverance to accomplish their objectives. Customer attitude towards product: The impact of a customers perception regarding the product is a mandatory requirement for ensuring the sale of the product. The different factors which could be identified as impactful on the perception of customers regarding the products of Dunkin Donuts in China comprise of Consumer animosity, consumer disidentification, country of origin effect, consumer affinity and consumer ethnocentrism (Heslop, Nadeau O'Reilly, 2010). The analysis of these elements could provide the basis for strategic recommendations. The country of origin effect refers to the approach followed by customers for associating with foreign brands and making their purchase decisions accordingly (Hui Zhou, 2003). The country of origin effect is responsible for influencing customer perception of a product based on the country where the product is manufactured. Consumer ethnocentrism is observed in the isolation of culturally different products which could be based on the presence of foreign ingredients and the encroachment of western culture (Insch Florek, 2009). The aspects of customer disidentification could be observed in the dissent of customers for products from the domestic country which leads to favourable prospects for foreign brands to earn competitive advantage. The impact of customer affinity has been observed explicitly in the cases of large firms such as Apple, Polo etc. which describes the long term relationship of a brand with the customers (Johansson, 1989). The impact of customer affinity is reflected in the requirement of lower costs for product launch. If consumer affinity is low then the organization would have to invest in addressing the negative factors affecting customer affinity in order to acquire new customers. The review of these factors in the case of Dunkin Donuts reflects that the aspects of customer disidentification can favour its international operation while the organization could gain support through addressing the concerns of customer affinity, country of origin effect in marketing and consumer ethnocentrism (Josiassen, Lukas Whitwell, 2008). Market segmentation, targeting and positioning: The traditional model of STP is implemented for the strategic planning for international market entry. Segmentation of the markets is ensured through division of the selected market into different sub groups in order to facilitate their different products and services. The observation of customer segments facilitates prominent competitive advantage for an organization like Dunkin Donuts which has already depicted proficiency through inclusion of coffee in its product line (Kaynak, Kucukemiroglu Hyder, 2000). The types of segmentation approach that can be followed by Dunkin Donuts include geographical, demographic, behavioural and psychographic segmentation. Geographic segmentation can be based on the locations of customers and can be applied in context of this case through location of the stores near busy business districts where people would be able to access breakfast. The demographic segmentation could be identified for the organization in the form of different customer groups on the basis of occupation, income, education, gender and age. Psychographic segmentation is intended for categorizing customers on the basis of lifestyle preferences which is helpful for Dunkin Donuts to design tailor-made products such as products to remark the Chinese New Year with indigenous flavours (Khan Bamber, 2007). The impact of behavioural segmentation could also be observed in this case which suggests the division of the market on the basis of a users attitude or response to a specific product. Market segmentation has to be followed with the targeting process which is responsible for identifying the specific audience and analyze the customer segments alongside approaches to address the individual segments (Khmel'nyts' ka Swift, 2010). The individual stages involved in the targeting stage would refer to evaluation of the market segments, selection of target market segments, selection of a targeting strategy and ensuring compliance with social responsibilities in targeted marketing. The aspects of market targeting enable an organization to improve its marketing campaigns and production capabilities in accordance with the distinct needs of various market groups (Kim Thorndike Pysarchik, 2000). The major aspects that must be taken into consideration while addressing the market targeting refer to buyer preferences, existing market environment and competitor actions. Finally, an organization has to position itself in the international market through communicating value differences, selection of areas of competitive advantage that lead to the finalization of a positioning strategy. The positioning strategy is defined by the value proposition presented by the organization in the market environment (Kim, 2006). Market entry: The most feasible market entry and expansion strategy for Dunkin Donuts would be observed in the method of a joint venture and franchising. The organizations franchisee Golden Cup would supervise the international outlets in China. The requirement of selection of franchising in a joint venture in the case of Dunkin Donuts can be validated on the grounds of two failed attempts of the company to enter the international market of China. The first attempt of the organization to enter the Chinese market in 1994 was direct and failed since customers were not acquainted with the brand and disliked the primary products i.e. glazed doughnuts (Kinra, 2006). The companys second attempt to enter Chinese market was observed in 2008 which also resulted in failure due to the changing preferences of customers and their requirements for sophistication. The effect of adopting a joint venture strategy for international market entry and expansion could be validated in the form of experience that could be facilitated by local franchises and the financial aid required for the organization to ensure sustainable growth of the enterprise in international market (Knight Calantone, 2000). Furthermore, the organization would have the opportunity to tap into evidence based approaches from the observations of partners firms in joint venture and franchisees in order to improve their international market performance (Lawrence, Marr Prendergast, 1992). The organizations expansion strategy has been established according to the agreements of the joint venture and the organization aims to expand its stores to a count of 1400 in a course of 20 years. The expansion of Dunkin Donuts would be primarily based on the provision of tailored products to the local culture and novel product designs to cater the changing preferences of customers (Lentz, Holzmller Schirrmann, 2006). The organization could also emphasize on its promotion as a status brand rather than a convenience option which would improve the sustainability of the expansion strategy of Dunkin Donuts. Strategic recommendations: The prominent highlights of the report were observed in the review of the nature of products and services of Dunkin Donuts, selection of an international market, cultural dimensions of the international market and valid suggestions for market segmentation, targeting and positioning (Lim OCass, 2001). The organization should emphasize on the cultural aspects such as high collectivism and long term orientation could be leveraged by the organization to promote culturally aligned products as well as new products among culturally adaptive customers. The references to the external environment available for Dunkin Donuts in the Chinese market suggest that the aspects of foreign direct investment and political favourability for foreign trade could be useful for the organization to ensure long term success in the international market (Maronick, 1995). The aspects of customer perception for a product could be addressed in the marketing approaches of the organization which should maintain a thin line between communicating the brand as a status brand and its capability to adapt to the indigenous culture. While the aspect of customer disidentification could be assumed as a feasible indicator for promoting the organization as an international brand, the organization should be able to improve customer affinity and reduce ethnocentrism which can be considered as formidable challenge for the organization (Phau Suntornnond, 2006). The prominent impact of market segmentation, targeting and positioning provide insights into the significance of working professionals and youngsters as the specific market segments which could be addressed with the value propositions of access to international products at flexible prices. References Ahmed, S.A. and d'Astous, A., 2008. Antecedents, moderators and dimensions of country-of-origin evaluations.International Marketing Review,25(1), pp.75-106. Ahmed, S.A. and d'Astous, A., 2001. Canadian Consumers'perceptions Of Products Made In Newly Industrializing East Asian Countries.International Journal of Commerce and Management,11(1), pp.54-81. Ahmed, S.A. and d Astous, A., 1995. Comparison of country of origin effects on household and organizational buyers product perceptions.European Journal of Marketing,29(3), pp.35-51. Al-Sulaiti, K.I. and Baker, M.J., 1998. Country of origin effects: a literature review.Marketing Intelligence Planning,16(3), pp.150-199. Baines, P.R. and Harris, P., 2000. Kite flying: the role of marketing in the post-BSE British beef export industry.British Food Journal,102(5/6), pp.454-464. Balabanis, G., Mueller, R. and Melewar, T.C., 2002. The human values lenses of country of origin images.International Marketing Review,19(6), pp.582-610. Balestrini, P. and Gamble, P., 2006. Country-of-origin effects on Chinese wine consumers.British Food Journal,108(5), pp.396-412. Becker, T., Benner, E. and Glitsch, K., 2000. Consumer perception of fresh meat quality in Germany.British Food Journal,102(3), pp.246-266. Bloemer, J., Brijs, K. and Kasper, H., 2009. The CoO-ELM model: A theoretical framework for the cognitive processes underlying country of origin-effects.European Journal of Marketing,43(1/2), pp.62-89. Bruning, E.R., 1997. Country of origin, national loyalty and product choice: the case of international air travel.International Marketing Review,14(1), pp.59-74. Chao, P. and Rajendran, K.N., 1993. Consumer profiles and perceptions: country-of-origin effects.International Marketing Review,10(2). Chattalas, M., Kramer, T. and Takada, H., 2008. The impact of national stereotypes on the country of origin effect: A conceptual framework.International Marketing Review,25(1), pp.54-74. Chen, H.C. and Pereira, A., 1999. 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The Challenges Facing Administration Motor free essay sample

Motor vehicle owners in Kenya were legally compelled to take out insurance against traffic accidents involving third parties in the mid 1940s under the Road Traffic Act (RTA). The history of public service vehicles (PSV) dates back to the late 1950s when there appeared a new form of taxi operating between the city centre of Nairobi and Makadara in Eastland of the city. The fare, irrespective of distance was thirty cents, the Kiswahili equivalent being â€Å"mapeni matatu,’ which was adopted as reference to this taxi and shortened to â€Å"Matatu† (Timbwa, 1985). The origin of Matatu industry can be traced from the type of transport system that operated in towns in the early 1960s. Initially, the Kenya Bus Service existed since 1934 as the sole legal provider of public transport services. It was jointly owned by the United Transport Overseas Ltd (75%) and the Nairobi City Council (25% of the shares). Public transport in Kenya, especially in urban areas is dominated by Matatu vehicles. We will write a custom essay sample on The Challenges Facing Administration Motor or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the early 1960s, the total number of Matatus operating in the country was less than 400 and operated in form of taxis. In 1973, President Jomo Kenyatta, responding to lobbying from Matatu operators declared that they were a legal mode of transport and could carry fare paying passengers without obtaining special licenses to do so but had to comply with existing insurance and traffic regulations (Aduwo, 1992). By 1990, of the 333,300 vehicles registered in the country, 17,600 were Matatus (Bhushan, 1993 cited in Muyia, 1995). By 2003, the number of Matatus operating in both urban and rural areas was estimated at 40,000 (Asingo, 2004). They comprised of Nissans, mini-buses and pickups. They provided employment to nearly 160,000 persons and generated vast revenue for the Government in form of charges for licenses, duty, VAT and other taxes. In addition, the industry plays a leading role in transportation of persons and goods in both rural and urban areas. Unfortunately, the industry’s vast growth has been accompanied by increasing road traffic accidents that have threatened safety of Kenyan travelers. The accidents increased by 182% from 3,578 in 1963 to 10,106 in 1989 and 11,785 in 1994 (Muyia, 1995). In these accidents, 2,014 persons were killed, 6,650 were seriously injured and 11,094 had minor injuries. The causes of the accidents included reckless driving, non-roadworthy vehicles, overloading and poor conditions of the roads. 1. 1. 1. Underwriting Underwriting is the selection and rating of risks by the insurer (Canner, 2007). There are various considerations that guide the underwriting process leading to the decision as whether to accept a given risk or not and if accepted at what premium rate. The key considerations in motor underwriting include; Use of the vehicle, District of garage, Make and type of the vehicle, seating and carrying capacity, the type of cover required, the driver’s details and the value and age of the vehicle. Use, refers to whether the vehicle is public hire or Private hire. District of garage refers to the address where the vehicle is normally garaged. Make and type of the vehicle specifies whether the vehicle is an Isuzu van, Toyota saloon, Mazda bus etc. Seating and carrying capacity refers to the number of passengers including the driver and the size of the engine. The type of cover required could be third party only (TPO), third party fire and theft (TPFT) or comprehensive. The driver’s details include age, sex, experience, conviction and accident history while the value and age of the vehicle refers to the sum insured and the year of manufacture of the vehicle. Passenger carrying vehicles are generally categorized into the following three classes for underwriting purposes; public hire vehicles, private hire Chauffeur driven vehicles and private hire self-drive vehicles (Canner, 2007). Public hire vehicles are licensed to ply for hire. They include vans, mini-buses and pick- ups. The vehicles are hailed in the streets though local bylaws restrict the waiting points of such vehicles. This class is regarded as the highest risk because of maximum use of the vehicle and drivers coupled with high levels of moral hazard. Private Hire Chauffeur driven vehicles are hired for passenger travel through the operator’s office or agency. The vehicles tend to cover extensive mileage with drivers working for long shifts. One sector of this class which is regarded as good is the prestige limousine arena where vehicles are used for wedding purposes, as hearses and for other private functions. Finally, Private Hire Self-drive vehicles are made available to the hirer. Regrettably the vehicles which fall under this class are misused by the hirers. To mitigate this, a pre and post-hire inspection is carried out by the owners of the vehicles (poll M. , et al, 2009). 1. 1. 2. Experience in Kenya Kenya, with an average of 7 deaths from the 35 crashes that occur each day, has one of the highest road fatality rates in relation to vehicle ownership in the world. Nearly 3,000 people are killed on Kenyan roads annually. This translates to approximately 68 deaths per 1,000 registered vehicles, which is 30-40 times greater than in highly motorized countries. Road traffic crashes are the third leading cause of death after malaria and HIV/AIDS and present major public health problems in terms of morbidity, disability and associated health care costs. Despite this huge burden, road safety measures in place are ineffective, characterized by crack downs on motor vehicles following tragic road crashes. These accidents have been occasioned by the government’s neglect of the road sub-sector in the past 10-15 years (Odero et. l 2003). Insurance companies in the country have been accused of operating like a cartel by agreeing on specific premium rates across the sector. Kimutai, (2009) argues that contrary to a free market economy, insurance companies fix the premiums instead of letting the market forces determine them. However Gichuhi, (2009) observes that the Association of Kenya Insurers (AKI) does no t set rates but advises members on what they can charge based on the statistics collected from both the local and international markets. Makove (2009) contends that motor risks are under his close watch due to a number of reasons. First, motor insurance, particularly third party risks, is compulsory. Secondly, companies that have collapsed have been motor underwriters. Premiums charged must be able to service claims, company expenses and commission to the agents as well as return a little element of profit for the company. Muhindi (2009) adds that even the Policy Holders Protection Fund will suffer because all companies will not accept to contribute to it if companies start going under because, say, PSV underwriters are not charging the right premiums. If an insurer collapses due to uneconomical rates, then obviously it shakes the public confidence in the industry in general. Omogeni (2009) observes that cartel or not, the process of setting insurance premiums needs a re-examination for the parties unhappy with the present system to not only get but also see justice being done. The insurance industry suffered a major setback when another motor underwriter, Standard Assurance Kenya Ltd, went under in 2008. The heavily indebted insurance firm was placed under statutory management over its inability to settle some Sh100 million in outstanding claims owed to policyholders and creditors. The closure followed closely on a similar incident involving another motor underwriter, Invesco, which closed its doors in 2009 but was resuscitated early in 2010. Other insurance companies which have gone under in similar circumstances are Kenya National Assurance in 1996, Access Insurance in1997, Stallion Insurance in1998, Lakestar Insurance in 2003 and United Insurance in 2006 (Okoth, 2009). Problems in the PSV underwriting business have remained intact since the Kenya Motor Insurance Pool collapsed in 1979. The PSV insurance sector, avoided by most insurers, is among the most affected by delays in reviewing the Insurance Act. The PSV insurance sector is seen as a cash cow for fraudsters or ambulance chasers, with elaborate networks that include unscrupulous medical personnel, motor repairers and spare parts dealers, police, lawyers and assessors, among others. This network is so well entrenched that it is attributed to the collapse of motor pools, an initiative that was meant to address weaknesses of the sub-sector (Okoth, 2009). Previously, there have been several unsuccessful attempts to address these challenges. The first compulsory Kenya Motor Pool was established in 1974 but it faced serious challenges, including the withdrawal of the state-owned KNAC in 1979 before it finally collapsed in 1984. A second motor pool was set up a year later before it was wound up four years down the line after being bogged down by huge liabilities (Timbwa, 2000). 1. 2. Statement of the problem More insurance companies covering public service vehicles (PSV) face the risk of collapse unless urgent measures are taken.